胫纤维发炎是指跑步时发生在小腿的非特异性疼痛。
在慢跑、跑步，或疲劳行走（如长途跋涉）时重复的碰撞力可引起肌肉肌腱单位过度承载及引起小腿痛。 这种疼痛有时是由特定的损伤引起的（如胫骨应力性骨折、运动诱发的筋膜间室综合征、胫骨骨膜炎、过度足内翻），但通常无法确定确切的原因。这种情况，称为外胫夹。
胫纤维发炎的症状和体征
疼痛可出现在腿部的前面或后面，症状典型者在活动开始时出现疼痛，随活动持续而逐步减轻。如果在休息时仍持续疼痛提示有其他原因，如胫骨应力性骨折。
外胫夹的诊断
通常依靠临床症状
检查时，病人通常有前间隔肌肉局部严重压痛，有时伴有严重骨痛。
不管何种病因，X线检查通常不明显。如怀疑应力性骨折，骨扫描可能有助于诊断。
运动诱发间隔室综合征诊断依据为：在运动时使用专门压力计测得间隔内压力升高。
外胫夹的治疗
动作修正
拉伸，非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)
须停止跑步练习，直到跑步时不再出现疼痛为止。早期治疗有冷敷、 NSAIDs类药和腓肠肌群前后的牵引治疗。在治疗休息间期，鼓励运动员进行无需重复负重的交叉训练可使运动障碍降到最低，如游泳等。
一旦症状消退，建议逐步恢复跑步锻炼。穿着带有坚固鞋跟和拱形支架的辅助鞋有助在跑步时支撑脚、踝部，利于恢复，防止症状加重。 避免在硬地面（例如，水泥路）跑步也有益处。 通过踝部背屈抵抗阻力（例如，橡皮筋或背屈练习机等）来锻炼小腿前部，增强腿肌肉力量，有助预防胫骨疼痛。
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
