膝关节疼痛是运动员和普通人群中常见的问题。
膝痛的病因
运动员膝内或周围疼痛原因很多，特别是跑步者。包括：
屈膝时髌骨半脱位
髌骨底面软骨软化症（跑步者的膝盖髌骨软骨软化）
关节内部病变，如半月板撕裂和皱褶（膝盖正常滑膜的折叠）
脂肪垫炎症
胫骨应力性骨折
双下肢不对称
膝部（或膝盖下）肌腱炎（跳跃膝，这是髌骨肌腱连接到髌骨下极处过度使用的损伤）
膝部疼痛可能因腰椎或髋关节引起，也可能源于足部问题（如行走或跑步时足过度内转或内旋）。
膝痛的诊断
病史和体格检查
有时影像学检查
诊断需完整评估受伤运动员的训练项目，包括病史中症状的发生，加重因素，以及下肢的全面检查，（膝盖检查，参见有关节症状患者的处理方法：体检和 发现膝关节扭伤和半月板损伤)。
机械症状，如活动受限及僵硬，提示膝关节的内部紊乱，如半月板撕裂。不稳定症状，如当膝关节的扭转或转向时肢体丧失协调性，提示韧带损伤或髌骨半脱位。
跑步后膝盖前部疼痛（尤其是在山上）以及久坐后的疼痛和僵硬（电影阳性征兆）提示软骨软化症，尽管这并不是软骨软化症的特有症状。检查时，对着股骨压髌骨会引起典型疼痛。
随着负重，疼痛变得更重，提示应力性骨折。
膝痛的治疗
牵引-强化训练
有时需要稳定衬垫、支撑物或支架
非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）
主要针对疼痛的具体原因进行治疗。
软骨软化症的治疗包括股四头肌强化训练和腘绳肌的平衡强化训练，若过度内旋是可能的诱因，可用拱形支架，服用NSAIDs药物。
对膝盖骨半脱位可能须使用膝盖骨稳定垫或支持物，特别是一些在不同平面的快速、敏捷的运动（如篮球、网球）。
如存在过度足内旋引起膝关节疼痛，在排除其他可能原因后可考虑佩戴矫形器。
应力性骨折者应休息，停止用力活动。
关节内病变一般需要手术治疗。
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
Courtesy of Tomah Memorial Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Tomah, WI; Elizabeth C.K.Bender, MSPT, ATC, CSCS; and Whitney Gnewikow, DPT, ATC.
